Essential Words for the TOEFL 1

LESSON 1

_ abroad _ abrupt _ acceptable _ acclaim _ actually _ adverse

_ advice _ attractive _ autonomous _ disapproval _ disruptive

_ haphazardly _ ideal _ persistent _ wide

abroad adv. to or in another country

Syn. overseas, internationally

Louis Armstrong often traveled abroad.

Living abroad can be an educational experience.

abruptadj. quick, without warning

adv. abruptly Syn. sudden

n. abruptness

There was an abrupt change in the weather.

After the incident everyone left abruptly.

acceptable adj. allowable or satisfactory

v. accept Syn. permissible

adv. acceptably

n. acceptability

adj. accepting

The idea was acceptable to everyone.

The registrar accepted more applicants than he should have.

Registrar ثبت‌ كننده‌، كارمند اداره‌ ثبت‌، مدير دروس‌

acclaim n. enthusiastic approval, applause

adj. acclaimed Syn. praise

n. acclamation

Isaac Stem has won acclaim abroad.

Acclaimed authors often win Pulitzer Prizes.

actually adv. being in existence, real or factual

adj. actual Syn. truly

They were actually very good soccer players.

The actual time allotted to complete the test is two hours.

adverse adj. displeasing, objectionable, or bad

adv. adversely Syn. unfavorable

n. adversity

n. adversary

object :oppose; protes، مخالفت کردن شی

Adverse weather conditions made it difficult to play the game.

His indecision adversely affected his job performance.

advice n. a recommendation given by someone not

v. advise associated with the problem or situation

adj. advisable Syn. suggestion

n. advisability

Good advice is hard to find.

It is not advisable to stay up late the night before a test.

attractive adj. calling attention to, pleasing, creating interest,

v. attract pretty

n. attraction Syn. appealing

n. attractiveness

adv. attractively

The idea of working four, 10-hour work days was attractive to the employees.

The major attraction of the show was a speech by the president.

ideal adj. having no flaw or mistake, excellent

adv. ideally Syn. perfect

n. ideal

The beach is an ideal place to relax.

Candidates for the job should ideally have five years experience in similar positions.

persistent adj. continuous, refusing to give up, firm in action or

decision

v. persist n. persistence

adv. persistently Syn. constant

The attorney's persistent questioning weakened the witness.

Her persistence earned her a spot on the team.

Witnessشاهد

Attorney وکیل

wide adj. extending over a large area

adv. widely Syn. broad

n. wideness

Pine forests are found over a wide area of the Pacific Northwest.

The senator has traveled wide1y.

autonomous adj. by itself, with no association

adv. autonomously Syn. independent

Mexico became an autonomous state in 1817.

Although working closely with the government, all businesses function

autonomously.

Disapprovaln. the act of disagreeing, not giving approval

Prove ثابت کردن

v. disapprove

adv. disapprovingly Syn. objection

Their disapproval of the plan caused the experiment to be abandoned.

The students disapproved of the plan of study.

disruptive adj. causing confusion and interruption

v. disrupt Syn. disturbing

n. disruption

adv. disruptively

Frequent questions during lectures can be disruptive.

The storm caused a disruption in bus service.

haphazardly adv. having no order or pattern, by chance

adj. haphazard Syn. arbitrarily, carelessly

n. haphazardness

It was obvious that the house was built haphazardly.

Susan completed the assignment in a haphazard way.

MATCHING

Choose the synonym.

1. widely

(A) broadly

(B) abroad

(D) truly

2. autonomous

(A) independent

(B) sudden

(D) abrupt

3. advice

(A) acclaim

(B) attention

(D) praise

4. attractive

(A) appealing

(B) adverse

(D) perfect

5. disapproval

(A) attraction

(B) attention

(D) persistence

6. haphazardly

(A) suddenly

(B) secretly

(D) constantly

7. constant

(A) disruption

(B) acceptable

(D) persistent

8. perfect

(A) attractive

(B) ideal

(D) abrupt

9. unfavorably

(A) attractively

(B) haphazardly

(D) adversely

10. disturbing

(A) perfect

(B) disruptive

(D) attractive

TEST QUESTIONS

Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined word or

phrase.

1. As a government official, Benjamin Franklin often traveled abroad.

(A) widely

(B) secretly

(D) overseas

2. American poet James Merrily received critical acclaim for his work entitled

Jim's Book.

(A) advice

(B) disapproval

(D) attention

3. A revolution in women's fashion during the second half of the twentieth

century made trousers acceptable for almost all activities.

(A) available

(B) permissible

(D) ideal

4. No fan, electric or otherwise, actually cools the air.

(A) truly

(B) haphazardly

(D) continuously

5. The climate of Chicago is subject to abrupt changes of weather.

(A) sudden

(B) extreme

(D) disruptive

LESSON 2

_ advanced _ advantage _ advent _ agile _ albeit _ allow

_ appealing _ celebrated _ contemporary _ distribute

_ encourage _ energetic _ frail _ refine _ worthwhile

advanced adj. ahead of current thought or practice forward

thinking, new

v. advance

n. advancement Syn. progressive

Advanced technology is changing the world.

His advancement to captain came unexpectedly.

advantage n. something that may help one to be successful or to

gain something

adv. advantageously Syn. benefit

adj. advantageous

Is there any advantage in arriving early?

He was advantageously born into a rich family.

adventn. the coming or appearance of something

Syn. arrival

With the advent of computers, many tasks have been made easier.

The newspapers announced the advent of the concert season.

agile adj. able to move in a quick and easy way

adv. agilely Syn.nimble

n. agileness

n. agility

Deer are very agile animals.

She moved agilely across the stage.

albeitconj. in spite of the facts, regardless of the fact

Syn. although

His trip was successful, albeit tiring.

Albeit difficult at times, speaking another language is rewarding.

Rewarding مسرت بخش

Tiring- tire خسته کننده

allow v. to agree to let something happen, not to interfere

with an action

n. allowance Syn. permit

adj. allowable

adv. allowable

Arthur's natural agility will allow him to excel in sports.

The extra money allowed us to stay abroad another day.

appealing adj. attractive or interesting, able to move feelings

v. appeal

n. appeal Syn. alluring

adv. appealingly

Working abroad is appealing to many people.

Through his speeches, the candidate appealed to the voters.

celebrated adj. acclaimed, well-known, and popular, famous

Syn. renown

The celebrated pianist will give a concert this weekend.

San Francisco is celebrated for its multicultural makeup.

contemporary adj. modern, up-to-date; also a person living at the

same time as another person

n. contemporary Syn. current

Contemporary architecture makes very good use of space.

Cervantes was a contemporary of Shakespeare.

distribute v. to divide among people or to give out

n. distribution Syn. dispense

Many publishers distribute their newspapers directly to homes in their area.

The distribution of seeds is very quick with this new machine.

encourage v. to give courage or hope to someone

n. encouragement Syn. inspire

adj. encouraging

adv. encouragingly

Even though (although) the runner finished second, he was encouraged by his performance.

His teacher gave him the encouragement that he needed to learn the material.

energetic adj. full of life, action, or power

full of life : filled with energy and/or a love of life

n. energy Syn. Vigorous(درس 10)

adv. energetically

Sam hasn't been as energetic as he usually is.

There's a lot of energy in these batteries.

frailadj. weak in health or in body

n. trade Syn. fragile

The frail wings of the newborn bird could not lift it off the ground.

One of the frailties of human beings is laziness(تنبلی).

refine v. to make pure, to improve, remove impurities or unwanted elements from

n. refinement Syn. perfect (v.)

adj. refined

Factories must to refine oil before it can be used as fuel.

A squirt of lime juice is the perfect refinement to cola.

worthwhile adj. value in doing something

Syn. rewarding

It was worthwhile waiting 10 hours in line for the tickets.

It's worthwhile to prepare for the TOEFL.

MATCHING

Choose the synonym.

1. inspire 6. renown

(A) celebrate (A) unknown

(B) attract (B) celebrated

(D) appeal (D) disapprove

2. advantage 7. worthwhile

(A) benefit (A) rewarding

(B) persistence (B) acceptable

(D) allure (D) permitted

3. fragile 8. vigorous

(A) modern (A) attractive

(B) famous (B) beautiful

(D) frail (D) advantageous

4. contemporary 9. refine

(A) timing (A) persist

(B) current (B) value

(D) perfect (D) divide

5. appealing 10. distribute

(A) refined (A) disappoint

(B) encouraging (B) disrupt

(D) popular (D) dispense

TEST QUESTIONS

Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined word or

phrase.

1. Swallows are among the most agile passerine birds.

(A) energetic

(B) frail

(D) nimble

2. Shrimping in Mississippi's tidal areas is not allowed during the summer

months.

(A) worthwhile

(B) permitted

(D) appealing

3. With the advent of cable television and the use of satellites for broadcasting,

television reception improved.

(A) arrival

(B) refinement

(D) advantage

4. Most tadpoles are vegetarians, albeit those of some species (class, kind) are

carnivorous.

(A) although

(B) simply

(D) since

5. Advanced scientific disciplines like solar cell technology and genetic engineering

are exploding with possibilities.

(A) valued

(B) celebrated

(D) appealing

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